Rising 376 metres above the heart of the city, Ljubljana castle dominates the skyline from its strategic location on the hill that bears its name. Dating back to the eleventh century, the fortress has witnessed the historical development of the Slovenian capital, evolving from a medieval structure into a vibrant cultural space. Accessible on foot or by a modern cable car that ascends through the treetops, the castle offers some of the finest panoramic views of Ljubljana and the surrounding area, with the Ljubljanica river meandering between rooftops and mountains on the horizon. Its main attractions include the Panorama Tower, interactive exhibitions, the Gothic St George’s chapel and the remains of its original walls, as well as hosting events, concerts and gastronomy, reimagining history in a unique setting.

    1. History of Ljubljana castle: the Habsburg stronghold that has overlooked the city for centuries
    2. Planning your visit: a day out at the castle
    3. What to see on your visit: panoramic views from the Observation Tower and other must-see corners of the castle
    4. The castle funicular: a picturesque and fast way to get there

History of Ljubljana castle: the Habsburg stronghold that has overlooked the city for centuries

With over 900 years of history, Ljubljana castle has laid witness and been at the heart of the development of both the city and Slovenia. The hill on which it stands has been home to settlements since the twelfth century BC, including the Urnfield culture. In the first century BC, the Romans established the city of Emona in the valley and built a fortress and a temple on the castle’s hill.

In the early Middle Ages, a small wooden fortress was erected on the hill. Ljubljana obtained city rights while it was the seat of the provincial rulers, the Sponheim dynasty of Carinthia, who built a new fortress known as Sponheim castle. In 1335, the castle passed into the hands of the Habsburg dynasty and became the centre of the Carniola province. Under the orders of Duke Frederick III of Habsburg, later Holy Roman Emperor, a new, larger, circular castle was built with high walls, towers and two drawbridges leading to the pentagonal tower that served as the main entrance. The Gothic chapel of St George was consecrated in 1489, with Gothic windows and a balcony for the nobles. It was later restored in the Baroque style and, in 1747, paintings of the coats of arms of the governors of the province were added.

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the castle’s current main buildings were built or rebuilt. Until 1814, it served as a military fort and later as a provincial prison. In 1848, the watchtower was added, where a watchman warned of fires and announced important events. In 1905, the municipality acquired the castle for cultural purposes; however, until 1964, it housed people made homeless by the 1895 Ljubljana earthquake. Since then, it has undergone continuous renovations. In 2006, a funicular railway was opened connecting the city with the castle, making it easier to reach this iconic monument. 

Today, Ljubljana castle is a tourist attraction and cultural space that houses museums, events and exhibitions, ensuring its relevance in the heart of the city.

Planning your visit: a day out at the castle

Ljubljana castle is a place that deserves to be explored at a leisurely pace, since it offers a wide range of activities and attractions. The first thing to consider is how to get to the top of the hill. While the funicular is the most popular and fastest option, you can also reach it on foot via well-marked trails, offering a more immersive experience in the natural surroundings.

Admission to the castle can vary in price depending on the exhibitions or activities you wish to see or do. A standard ticket (€10) includes access to the grounds, the permanent and temporary exhibitions and the Observation Tower. There are also packages that include a funicular ride (€13) and guided tours, which are perfect for those who want a more in-depth experience. 

The castle is open every day of the year, although opening times may vary depending on the season. In summer, the castle is usually open from 9 am to 11 pm, while in winter the opening hours are reduced. It is advisable to check the updated opening times before planning your visit.

What to see on your visit: panoramic views from the Observation Tower and other must-see corners of the castle

One of Ljubljana castle’s most iconic landmarks is its Observation Tower, an excellent vantage point offering panoramic views of the city and, on clear days, allowing you to gaze out over the majestic Julian Alps. Climbing the steep steps to the top is an experience in itself, but the visual reward—a skyline dotted with historical rooftops and distant mountains— makes the effort worthwhile.

The central courtyard, regarded as heart of the castle, is a large, vibrant space surrounded by historical buildings that today house restaurants, cafés and souvenir shops. It is the perfect place to relax and soak up the atmosphere of this medieval gem. St George’s chapel, built in the fifteenth century and dedicated to the patron saint of the castle, is particularly interesting. The small but significant church stands out for its Gothic architecture and its interior adorned with frescoes and coats of arms telling the history of the governors of Carniola, a reflection of its past splendour.

The castle also hosts permanent and temporary exhibitions that invite visitors to discover its history and that of Slovenia. Among them is the Museum of Slovenian History, an interactive exhibition that guides visitors through the country’s key events, from its origins to the present day. The castle also houses the Puppet Museum, an exhibition dedicated to this centuries-old art form that is a traditional part of Slovenia’s rich culture. Through historical and modern puppets, the museum offers a unique perspective on this creative medium and its relationship with local folklore. 

For those looking for a more immersive experience, the castle’s Virtual Theatre offers a short film recreating the site’s 900-year history. Through immersive imagery and a dynamic narrative, visitors can travel back in time, from the period in which it was constructed as a medieval fortress to its current role as a contemporary cultural space.

The castle funicular: a picturesque and fast way to get there

For those looking for a comfortable and scenic way to reach Ljubljana castle, the funicular is the best option. This modern transport system connects the old town with the castle entrance in just a few minutes, offering spectacular views along the way. 

The funicular departs from Krek Square and runs every few minutes. Tickets can be purchased individually or as a combined ticket including admission to the castle, which is more convenient. The funicular ride is especially beautiful at sunset, when the golden light illuminates the city and creates a magical atmosphere, perfect for photography enthusiasts.